Топик по английскому языку австралия. Экзотическая страна австралия. Интересные факты о Австралии на английском языке

Australia is the only country in the world which is also a continent. It consists of the mainland and numerous smaller islands lying between the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Its neighbouring countries include the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Indonesia, New Zealand. By its total area Australia is the sixth largest country. The word Australia came from the Latin language and meant “southern”. Before the first British settlement, which appeared in the late 18 th century, the country was inhabited by indigenous Australian people who were divided into at least 250 language groups. The continent was first discovered by Dutch explorers in the 17 th century. Later, its eastern half was occupied by British colonists. In the 18 th century the population of the island steadily grew.

The beginning of the 20 th century was marked by the foundation of the Commonwealth of Australia. Its six colonies formed a federation, which maintained a parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy political system. At the moment the federation consists of six states and several territories. Australia is known to be one of the wealthiest countries in the world. It’s a developed country with stable economy. It offers a high quality of life, health and education, as well as economic freedom and the protection of civil rights. The official language within the country is English. The capital of Australia is the city of Canberra. Other major cities are Melbourne, Perth, Sydney and Adelaide.

Although Australia uses a parliamentary system of government, it is a constitutional monarchy, ruled by Queen Elizabeth II. As she resides in the Great Britain, her viceroys present her in Australia. The government of the country is separated into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The executive power is presented by the Federal Executive Council. The legislative power is presented by the bicameral Parliament. The judicial power involves the High Court of Australia and other federal courts.

Almost half of the continent is occupied by deserts and semi-deserts. For a long time people thought these lands are useless, until they understood that there is a lot of coal, iron, lead, uranium, and other resources. If at previous centuries the economy if the country was based on sheep wool export, today the main industries are connected with oil, radio electronics, food produce, ore mining, agricultural exports. The most common trees in the country are the eucalyptus, acacia and mimosa. There are many unusual animals on the continent, such as koala-bear, kangaroo, and some others. The climate of Australia is mainly influenced by ocean currents. The northern part of the country may experience seasonal rainfalls, while southern part has a temperate climate.

Австралия

Австралия является единственной страной в мире, которая еще и континент. Она состоит из материковой части и многочисленных мелких островов, пролегающих между Индийским и Тихим океанами. К соседним странам относятся Соломоновы Острова, Новая Каледония, Индонезия, Новая Зеландия. По общей площади Австралия является шестой по величине страной. Слово Австралия произошло из латинского языка и означает " южный". До первых британских поселений, появившихся в конце 18 века, страна была населена коренным австралийским народом, разделенным, по крайней мере, на 250 языковых групп. Континент был впервые обнаружен голландскими мореплавателями в 17 веке. Позже, его восточная часть была занята британскими колонистами. В 18 веке население острова неуклонно росло.

Начало 20-го века было ознаменовано основанием Содружества Австралии. Ее шесть колоний образовали федерацию, которая утвердила парламентскую демократию и конституционно-монархическую политическую систему. В настоящее время федерация состоит из шести штатов и нескольких территорий. Австралия, как известно, одна из самых богатейших стран в мире. Это развитая страна с устойчивой экономикой. Она предлагает высокое качество жизни, здравоохранения и образования, а также экономическую свободу и защиту гражданских прав. Официальным языком в стране является английский. Столицей Австралии является город Канберра. Другие крупные города – это Мельбурн, Перт, Сидней и Аделаида.

Несмотря на то, что Австралия использует парламентскую систему правления, в стране установлена конституционная монархия во главе с королевой Елизаветой II. Так как она проживает в Великобритании, в Австралии ее представителями являются ее наместники. Правительство страны разделяется на три ветви: законодательную, исполнительную и судебную. Исполнительная власть представлена ​​федерально-исполнительным советом. Законодательная власть представлена ​​двухпалатным парламентом. К судебной власти относится Верховный суд Австралии и прочие федеральные суды.

Почти половину континента занимают пустыни и полупустыни. В течение длительного времени люди полагали, что эти земли бесполезны, пока не поняли, что в них содержится много угля, железа, свинца, урана и других ресурсов. Если в предыдущие столетия экономика страны была основана только на экспорте овечьей шерсти, то сегодня основные отрасли промышленности связаны с нефтью, радиоэлектроникой, пищевой продукцией, горнорудной промышленностью, сельскохозяйственным экспортом. Наиболее распространенными деревьями в стране являются эвкалипт, акация и мимоза. На континенте есть много необычных животных, таких как коала, кенгуру и т.д. Климат Австралии в основном зависит от океанических течений. В северной части страны зачастую проходят сезонные дожди, в то время как южная часть отличается умеренным климатом.

Is there anything “common” in this country? May be just in its official name “the Commonwealth of Australia”, but even in this case this word does not mean “usual or general”. The Commonwealth of Australia, or Australia (its informal but more widely recognized name of the country), occupies the whole continent, which in turn is the biggest island on our planet.

One of the richest country in the world is known with its unique fauna and flora, endless desert, unforgettable natural landscapes and, of course, the tremendous “take it easy”-lifestyle of the Australians.

On the right coast of the continent are located the metropolitan cities, where the larger part of population lives. The rest of the huge island is occupied by desert plains and mountains, where the minerals are concentrated.

Such cute animals of Australia, like jumpy kangaroo or “exotic grey teddy bear” the koala, are well-known symbols of the state, but except, travelling along the green part of the continent the tourist can also face to other unusual representatives of fauna. The vegetable world of the island is no less amazing. On the territory of Australia grow wonderful plants like eucalyptus and acacia. Totally, about 85% of flora and fauna are endemic that means they are native to the certain location and exist only in Australia.

While everyone wants to see Australia, I would prefer to live there. And my dream is based not only on the stereotypes about rich life in the highly developed country, but on the statistic data about the level of happiness of people living there.

The Australians are deprived of ambitions and refused of the desire for being the best and the first like American people. The life of average Ozzy (as they are calling themselves) is joy and pleasure. What can be better than to live in the country of everlasting summer, among the amazing creations of nature and human, and to take great enjoyment in the beauties of the country of contrasts?

Перевод

Можно ли встретить что-нибудь «обычное» в этой стране? Возможно только в официальном названии государства «the Commonwealth of Australia», однако даже в этом случае это слово не означает «обыкновенный, простой». Австралийский союз, или Австралия (неформальное, но более узнаваемое название страны), занимает весь материк, который в свою очередь является самым крупным островом на нашей планете.

Одна из самых богатых стран мира известна своей необыкновенной флорой и фауной, бесконечной пустыней, незабываемыми природными ландшафтами, и конечно, восхитительным беззаботным стилем жизни австралийцев.

На правом побережье континента расположились мегаполисы, где проживает большая часть населения. Остальная часть огромного острова занята пустынными равнинами и горами, где сосредоточены полезные ископаемые.

Такие милые животные Австралии, как прыгучие кенгуру или экзотические серые мишки коалы, относятся к известным символам государства, но кроме них, путешествуя по зеленой части материка туристы могут столкнуться с другими необычными представителями фауны. Растительный мир острова не менее удивительный. На территории Австралии растут чудесные растения, как эвкалипт и акация. В целом, около 85% фауны и флоры эндемичны, то есть существуют только на территории Австралии.

В то время как каждый хочет увидеть Австралию, я хотел бы там жить. И моя мечта основана не только на стереотипах о богатой жизни в высокоразвитой стране, но и на статистических данных об уровне счастья людей, живущих там.

The capital of Australia, Canberra, is a young and comparatively small city. It was founded in the 20th century and now has a population of about 260 000 people.

The centre of Canberra is a small hill. Several streets run from that hill. Special charm is given to Canberra by an artificial lake in the centre of the city. A fountain more than 100 metres high is in the western part of the lake. At night powerful lights illuminate the water. It is the Captain Cook Fountain, one of the main places of interest in Canberra. Another one is a memorial military museum. The building of the Australian Academy of Sciences is quite unusual in form - it is like a huge overturned bowl.

Melbourne is the second largest city in Australia. It was the capital of the country till 1927 and now is the centre of Australian business world. It is also one of the largest ports in the country. Melbourne is a beautiful city with numerous skyscrapers, straight boulevards and large parks and gardens. One of Melbourne’s places of interest is the house of Captain Cook, the famous British navigator.

Sydney is Australia’s largest and oldest city. It was the first British settlement. Sydney has the oldest in the country botanical gardens and the Zoo. One of the main places of interest of the city is the famous bridge over the Bay of Port Jackson. Another one is the Opera House, which resembles large white shells in form. It is surrounded by the sea on three sides. Sydney is the city of three universities.

Города Австралии

Столица Австралии, Канберра, является молодым и сравнительно небольшим городом. Она была основана в 20-м веке и в настоящее время насчитывает около 260 000 жителей.

В центре Канберры находится небольшой холм. Несколько улиц берут начало у этого холма. Особое очарование Канберре придает искусственное озеро в центре города. Фонтан более 100 метров высотой находится в западной части озера. Ночью мощные фонари освещают воду. Это фонтан капитана Кука, одна из главных достопримечательностей в Канберре. Другая - Мемориальный военный музей. Здание Академии наук Австралии весьма необычно по форме - оно похоже на огромную перевернутую чашу.

Мельбурн является вторым по величине городом в Австралии. Он был столицей страны до 1927 года и в настоящее время - центр австралийского делового мира. Это также один из крупнейших портов в стране. Мельбурн очень красивый город с многочисленными небоскребами, прямыми бульварами, просторными парками и садами. Одна из достопримечательностей - дом капитана Кука, известного британского мореплавателя.

Сидней является крупнейшим и старейшим городом Австралии. Это было первое британское поселение. В Сиднее находятся старейшие в стране ботанические сады и зоопарк. Одной из главных достопримечательностей города является знаменитый мост через залив Порта Джексон. Другой является Оперный театр, который по форме напоминает большие белые раковины. Он окружен морем с трех сторон. Сидней - город трех университетов.

Описание презентации по отдельным слайдам:

1 слайд

Описание слайда:

Проект по английскому языку «Австралия» Нестерова Н.Ю. МБОУ « СОШ №16» учитель английского языка г.Чистополь

Описание слайда:

Australia Australia is a country in the southern hemisphere, located on the eponymous continent and nearby islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. In the description of the Australian people often talk about the uniqueness of a particular fact. Even the location of Australia is the only country in the world, occupying the territory of the whole continent. The largest island of Tasmania lies south of the continent. The official name of the country is Australian alliance. The fauna and flora of Australia is so amazing, that will leave you an unforgettable experience! Neighbours in Australia are New Zealand, East Timor, Papua - New Guinea, Indonesia, Vanuatu, Solomon Islands and New Caledonia.

3 слайд

Описание слайда:

4 слайд

Описание слайда:

Australia, or the Commonwealth of Australia, as it is officially called, is situated on the island continent. It also occupies the Island of Tasmania and some minor islands round the coast of the continent. It is a highly developed industrial-agrarian country. Its area is about 8 million km2. It is the only state in the world that occupies the territory of a whole continent. The capital of Australia is Canberra, which became the capital only in 1927. From 1787 to 1867 Australia was a place where criminals were sent from Britain. That is why the official language of Australia is English. Almost one half of Australian territory is occupied by deserts and semideserts. For quite a long period of time it was thought to be useless for economic development. But it is rich in coal, iron ore, bauxites, uranium, lead and many other mineral resources. For almost a century the production and export of sheep wool was the basis of the economy of the country. Now the most important industries are oil, chemical, ore mining, radioelectronics, and food industry. The country exports agricultural products and raw materials. As for the nature, the commonest trees of Australia are the eucalyptus and the Australian acacia or mimosa, the national emblem of the country. Such unusual animals as a kangaroo or a koala-bear originate from Australia. Australia is one of the most unusual and exotic countries of the world. A significant feature of modern Australian society is the representation of a lot of cultures drawn from many lands by its people. Historically part of the British Empire and now a member of a Commonwealth of Nations, it is a relatively prosperous and independent nation.

5 слайд

Описание слайда:

Rocks "Twelve Apostles"

6 слайд

Описание слайда:

The capital of Australia is Canberra, artificially created city. Thanks to the sophisticated planning that takes into account features of the landscape, the city entered the textbooks as an example of urban planning. Canberra is subject to a management, there is the House of Parliament, offices of various institutions and parties. The capital of Australia is tiny, here lives 380 000 people, you can see the whole city in one day.

7 слайд

Описание слайда:

Sydney is the oldest city in the country, the capital of New South Wales, financial and intellectual capital of Australia. The city is considered one of the most beautiful in the world. Fantastic architecture of the Opera House, Royal Botanic Garden, one of the best zoos in the world. Tourists have something to see and where to have fun in the city and on the surrounding beaches, in parks and reserves.

8 слайд

Описание слайда:

National memorial to all Australian soldiers and service personnel of the Australian defence Force who died or participated in all wars which were conducted by the Commonwealth of Australia. The memorial includes a large national military Museum. The Australian war memorial was opened in nineteen forty-first year and is considered one of the most significant memorials of this type in the world. Australian war memorial

9 слайд

Описание слайда:

The Cathedral of the virgin Mary The blessed virgin Mary Cathedral, full name Cathedral of the virgin Mary help of Christians Catholic Cathedral in Sydney, Australia. Cathedral of the Sydney Archdiocese, the Archdiocese, headed by cardinal George Pell. One of the five Australian cathedrals bearing the honorary status of "minor Basilica", the status was given in 1930 by Pope Pius . Recognized as a "national Shrine". The most capacious Church in Australia. In 2008 the Church became the centre of activities of the world day of Catholic youth, and visited by Pope Benedict.

10 слайд

Описание слайда:

Melbourne The second largest city of Australia, capital of Victoria, situated around the Bay of Port Phillip. The population with the suburbs is about 4 246 345 people (estimated in 2013). Melbourne - the most southern city-millionaire in the world. The city is considered one of the major commercial, industrial and cultural centers of Australia. Melbourne is also often referred to as the "sporting and cultural capital" of the country, as it hosts many sporting and cultural events in the life of Australia.

11 слайд

Описание слайда:

The National Park "Kakadu" Kakadu national Park - a UNESCO world heritage site No. 147. geographically located in Australia, 171 km East of Darwin. The name comes from the tribe "Cockatoo" lived in this area. Under the protection of the archeological, natural and ethnological component.

12 слайд

Описание слайда:

Harbour bridge Harbour bridge - the largest bridge of Sydney, one of the largest steel arch bridges in the world. He is one of the main attractions of Sydney. Because of its remarkable shape, the bridge received from carrying a comic called "Racking". The bridge was opened on 19 March 1932. A model for bridge served as new York"s bridge to hell"s gate. In their appearance and a bit like the Eastern part of the Finland railway bridges in St. Petersburg (during construction was applied to the arch Cabin on the eponymous bridge to Borovichi).

13 слайд

Описание слайда:

Big pineapple Big pineapple is a tourist attraction located in the town of Woombye near the sunshine coast, Queensland, Australia.

14 слайд

Описание слайда:

Blue mountains The name of the area received due to the large number of eucalyptus forests on a mountain range that formed millions of years ago. Eucalyptus, many of which have already exceeded two thousand years of release into the air billions of droplets of oil - they refracted the sunlight and formed a bluish haze hovering above the mountain ridge.

15 слайд

16 слайд

Описание слайда:

Burning mountain Burning mountain is a mountain near the village in Wengen, New South Wales, Australia, located 200 km North of Sydney, near the highway "New England" from Sydney to Brisbane. The altitude 653 m. Its name to the mountain owes to the natural combustion process of the coal seam that ran under the road through the Sandstone. Burning mountain is included in the reserve, which is managed by the local national parks and wildlife. The mountain is also the heritage of the Australian aborigines.

17 слайд

Описание слайда:

Bols-Pyramids Outwardly, the island resembles a sail, the height above sea level is 562 meters with the greatest width of base about 200 meters. Near the island there are several small rocky islets. Balls Pyramid is the tallest volcanic rock on earth.

18 слайд

Описание слайда:

Balls of the devil Reserve the Balls of the devil" is a cluster of huge granite boulders, scattered in disarray a wide shallow valley. One of the most famous attractions of Australia, the internationally recognised symbol of the inner, sparsely populated part of Australia.

19 слайд

Описание слайда:

Emu Bird about two meters high, the Australian ostrich. He lives in large herds that are constantly on the move in search of food and water. The female lays large eggs emu green, but the male has been brooding.

20 слайд

Описание слайда:

Kangaroo Kangaroo is a subfamily of marsupial mammals. The body length of 30 to 160 cm, tail - from 30 to 110 cm and weigh kangaroos from 2 to 70 kg. 11 genera, uniting about 40 species. Distributed in Australia, on the islands of New Guinea, Tasmania, in the Bismarck Archipelago. Most of the species - terrestrial forms; inhabit the plains, covered with thick bushes and tall grass. Some are adapted to climbing trees, others live in rocky places. Twilight animals; usually kept in groups, very careful. Herbivorous, but some feed on worms and insects. Multiply 1 once a year. Pregnancy is very short 30-40 days. Give birth to 1-2 cubs immature (the giant kangaroo cub body length of about 3 cm) and nurture them in the bag 6-8 months. The first months of the cub mouth tightly attached to the nipple and milk periodically injected into his mouth.

21 слайд

Описание слайда:

22 слайд

Описание слайда:

Koala bear or Australian . Koala is a herbivorous marsupial animal that moves on the branches of trees. Their habitat is the Australian continent. Sometimes koala called "koala", even though these animals have nothing in common with bears. Koala is the only kind of family animals. All koalas have a fairly small size, without exception. Their average length 70-73 cm is already an adult koala about 6-15 kg (depending on the amount of food consumed).. As has been said: koala is the only species of this family. But earlier in the family of koalas included several species. Unfortunately, all members, except for koalas, extinct.

23 слайд

Описание слайда:

Eucalyptus forests is the main koala refuge. Literally the whole life they are in the thicket of trees. In the first half of the day koalas sleep (easy access to the trees), and at night they move through the trees in search of food. When koala awake, he can talk for hours on the flight just sit and not move. In this session he leaves more than half of life. These "bear" still more than 15 hours a day! On the ground koalas hardly move. An exception can only move from one tree to the other is when the jump does not work. Despite some clumsiness of these animals, they jump surprisingly deftly and successfully. In case of danger can even switch to a gallop. Plus, koalas good swim. Features food koalas are directly related to its slow way of life. Since they feed exclusively on eucalyptus leaves and shoots, which include those very small protein, they can not lead a more active lifestyle.

24 слайд

Описание слайда:

25 слайд

Топик по английскому языку: Австралия (Australia). Данный текст может быть использован в качестве презентации, проекта, рассказа, эссе, сочинения или сообщения на тему.

Страна

Австралия – это страна в Южном полушарии с населением в 17 миллионов человек. Это независимый член Содружества наций. Столица страны – Канберра. Официальный язык – английский. Австралия состоит из острова Тасмании и 6 штатов: Новый Южный Уэльс, Северная территория, Квинсленд, Южная Австралия, Виктория и Западная Австралия.

История страны

Австралия всегда находилась под влиянием Британии. Говоря об истории страны, стоит упомянуть, что сначала это была большая колония для заключенных. Позже, она стала обычной страной.

Экономика

Главный экономический сектор страны – сфера обслуживания, включающая туризм, образование и финансы.

Сидней

Самый большой город Австралии – Сидней, расположенный в штате Новый Южный Уэльс. Это место знаменито своими Голубыми горами, которые покрыты лесами голубоватого эвкалипта. Поэтому воздух над ними полон микроскопических частиц эвкалиптового масла, а в свете солнца он настоящего голубого света.

Южная Австралия

Самый сухой из всех штатов — Южная Австралия с единственной рекой Мюррей. Раньше она была основной магистралью Южной Австралии, которая транспортировала людей и товары. Туристы здесь могут покататься на старых лодках, которые до сих пор хранятся в некоторых городах на реке.

Тасмания

Тасмания, расположенная на юге Австралии, отличается от других штатов. На острове нет пустынь. Большая часть территории покрыта красивыми дикими лесами. И зимой, и летом здесь выпадает большое количество осадков. Население Тасмании около полумиллиона человек.

Природа

Следует отметить, что Тасмания – это родина красивой природы, здесь также можно встретить таких экзотических животных как кенгуру, ехидны, коалы, динго и многих других.

Скачать Топик по английскому языку: Австралия

Australia

Сountry

Australia is a country in the Southern Hemisphere with a population of about 17 million people. It’s an independent member of the Commonwealth. The capital of the country is Canberra. The official language is English. Australia consists of an island Tasmania and six states: New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria and Western Australia.

The history of the country

Australia has always been influenced by Britain. Speaking about the history of the country, it should be mentioned that at first it was a big colony for prisoners. Later, it became an ordinary country.

Economic sector

The main economic sector of the country is the service one, which includes tourism, education and financial services.

Sydney

Australia’s biggest city is Sydney, which is situated in the state of New South Wales. This place is famous for its Blue Mountains, covered with forests of blue coloured eucalyptus trees. So, the air above is full of microscopic drops of eucalyptus oil and it is of a real blue colour in the sunshine.

South Australia

The driest of all the states is South Australia with the only big river flowing there, that is called the Murray River. In former times it used to be South Australia’s main road, which transported people and goods. Tourists can ride old riverboats that are still kept in some towns on the river.

Tasmania

Tasmania, located in the south of Australia, differs from the other states. There are no deserts on the island. Most of the territory is covered with wild beautiful forests. There are lots of rains both in winter and summer. The population of Tasmania is about half a million people.

Nature

It should be said that Australia is home to beautiful nature as well as to such exotic animals as kangaroos, echidnas, koalas, dingoes and many others.